Tuesday, December 24, 2019

The Role Of Media And Its Effects On Society - 1648 Words

There are many types of media that are constantly being shown in this time of era, such as, films, documentaries, music videos, and advertisements. The public tends to attach themselves to films and music videos when there are controversial ideas that rise from these forms of media and advertisements sometimes receive the attention but after time passes on we forget them. Aunt Jemima is a famous individual who has been through many changed over time, which at first, she looked like a terrifying African American lady who had a creepy smile but as time passed, her appearance changed to fit into this society’s norm. From this we are likely to think that this types of ethnics and racism has been eliminated in this decade. However, even in 2016 these advertisements do not clearly present us with this much racism but we do have advertisements that present this idea of undermining one race but showing it passively. Hence, we can state that form of racism has definitely decreased in t he portrayal of advertisement but there will always be a form of racism presented to the audience in one way or the other. To justify this statement, we will be analyzing these five advertisements from the year 2011 and year of 2016. Also the reason I chose this topic to discuss is to shine light on the reality that, although films and TV shows take over the viewers we are constantly being bombarded with advertisements everywhere we go, thus being aware that these advertisements still circulate in ourShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Media And Its Effects On Society778 Words   |  4 Pagesreliant on society satisfying their roles in order to continue their old-style family structure/ education system. Associations between institutions on how non-media social structures (government/economy) affect media industry and vice versa. 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With the media flooding negative influence, it builds up to having thisRead MoreEffects Of Mass Media And Gender889 Words   |  4 PagesSocialization In today’s society, we see the effects of mass media and media imaging more than we have in any era before. Whether it be the large amount of new social media apps, the access to growing technology and communication throughout the world, or simply the millions of viewers and users, social media has become one, if not the most influential source in the world. This gives mass media the power to create, destroy, and spread any image or idea having a large effect on the audience that seesRead MoreEssay on Mass Media Society1080 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Mass Media on Individuals, Society, and Culture Mass media, over the years, has had a profound effect on American society, on its culture, and on the individuals exposed to the media. Mass media is a form of socialization, having a long-term effect on each member of American society. While mass media targets the individual in short-term intervals, the overall influence on them has been established as the consumer moves from one impressionable age category to another. The long or short-Read MoreThe Role of Media in Youth Culture in Contemporary Society1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe role that society has given to the media to dictate youth culture has become one of the most lucrative conquests corporations are battling over today. Much like empires throughout history, media empires today have found their ‘Africa’. This paper is an examination of this silent, bloodless conquest through two different sociological lenses. First we will consider the effect of media in youth’s culture using functional theory. Stating the primary assumptions valuable in studying the effects ofRead MoreThe Illusion Of Masculinity And Its Effects On Society1607 Words   |  7 PagesThe gender roles for males is a social construct in which sets men in the position to certain behavioral, emotional, and social norms within a society or specific culture in which individuals have to adhere in their social environment. How does that shape ones identity and sense of self? Also, what are the repercussions to ascribing to these roles as a base model for one’s social life? In this abstract I will explore the effects for hyper masculinity in American, the individual effects and also the

Monday, December 16, 2019

Inclusive Education Free Essays

string(379) " visual impairment are provided with eye glasses and they are projectors in classrooms which can project texts so that they can see well and so that learning can be facilitated They are corridors that are designed to help learners on wheelchairs to move smoothly without any problem and they are also physical therapists, counsellors and support groups that help these learners\." Introduction Inclusive education is a process whereby the school systems, strategic plans, and policies adapt and change to include teaching strategies for a wider more diverse range of children and their families. Inclusive education implicitly means to identify a child’s learning style and adapt the classroom and teaching strategies to ensure high quality learning outcomes for all members of the class. Everyone is important, unique and valued for their contribution to the school. We will write a custom essay sample on Inclusive Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kirk et al. ,(2009). In this assignment we are going to tackle about inclusive education, its advantage towards learners with and without special education in schools and also the characteristics of a school that make it effective for the implementation of inclusive education. We are also going to discuss about steps to follow in order to create an effective school for all in my region and to discuss the challenges of inclusive education in Namibia lastly we are going to make recommendation on how the challenges of inclusive education can be met. Question 1 Discuss the advantages/benefits of inclusive education towards the learners with and without special educational needs in Namibian school. The learners will all feel accepted and loved In an inclusive classroom, disabled children have a chance to feel â€Å"like the other kids. † They are less likely to miss out on social events, and they have more opportunities to make friends. The chance to achieve alongside their non-disabled peers can help their self-esteem. With the support of a skilled teacher, they may become more socially competent and feel less isolated. There are potential benefits for non-disabled students, too, who may gain greater understanding and empathy as they learn to accept and appreciate their disabled peers. Non-disabled students may also benefit educationally from the more individualized and personalized approach that inclusive teaching can provide. They will all have effective learning In inclusive education, children with and without disabilities are all expected to study, learn, read, write. By having higher expectations for children with disabilities coupled with good and effective instruction, they quickly learn academic skills. Because the philosophy and mission of inclusive education is intended to help all students to learn, all children in the class benefit from the method of instruction. Children with disabilities in the classroom tend to show academic achievement in several areas including improved performance on mastery of IEP goals, standardized tests, motivation to study and learn, overall good grades and classroom behaviour. Also, children with disabilities who are instructed under general educational settings have scored higher on literacy than those children educated in segregated classrooms They have increased understanding and learn to accept diversity When students participate in classes that mimic the differences and similarities of individuals in the outside or real world, they naturally learn to accept diversity. Understanding, acceptance, and respect grow as the children with differing cultures and abilities interact with each other. Inclusive classrooms also create venues where children form and develop friendships with each other while strengthening their social and interactive skills. Children with differing abilities will learn from each other. Because it creates a solid group, the inclusive classroom promotes the civil rights of all students, provides support to the social value of equality and respect, teaches collaborative and socialization skills, builds interdependence and support between students, promotes social peace, and provides children a micro model of the real world. They all have normal lives For families with disabled children, the dream of living a normal life comes true thanks to inclusive classrooms. Of course, all parents want their kids to live normally: have friends, be accepted by others, and have regular activities. Inclusive classrooms make this a reality for children with disabilities. Through inclusive settings, children with disabilities can achieve a sense of belonging with diverse groups of people. Therefore, it provides a good venue for learning and growing. In terms of socialization, children learn to develop friendships while enhancing self-respect. It allows no discrimination as all learners are treated equally When students with special education needs are placed into a separate classroom from their peers, it puts a label on those students and marks them as â€Å"different. † Inclusion practices sort children into classrooms without the bias of special needs or non-special needs entering into the process. In this way, inclusion allows each student to have access to the same teachers, instructional materials, tools and lessons as every other student in the school. They will have real-world experience When students leave school and enter the real world, they will not always find themselves surrounded by other people who are exactly like them. Students with special needs will need to learn to function with people who do not have special needs, and the opposite is also true of students in regular education programs. An inclusive classroom helps students learn about the differences between people while they are still young and exposes them to diversity by allowing them to work and play alongside children who are different from themselves. A positive learning environment Each and every learner feels welcome and is given the opportunity to perform at his/her educational needs; they are also empowered to participate frequently in cooperative learning, peer tutoring and decision making. Learners with and those without special needs they will have on going contact with each other both within the academic and social setting. They will feel empathy for one another, gain an increased sense of self-esteem, develop a positive understanding of each other, develop friendship and develop strong and social communication. Question 2 Characteristics of a school that make it effective for the implementation of inclusive education The school promotes a sense of belonging to all learners; all learners are treated equally despite their differences. Learners who can’t walk are provided with wheelchairs so that they can move everywhere they want without someone helping them and learners with hearing impairments are provided with earpiece to block any background noises which can affect them. Learners with visual impairment are provided with eye glasses and they are projectors in classrooms which can project texts so that they can see well and so that learning can be facilitated They are corridors that are designed to help learners on wheelchairs to move smoothly without any problem and they are also physical therapists, counsellors and support groups that help these learners. You read "Inclusive Education" in category "Papers" Question 3 You are appointed as inclusive educational officers at your region. You are given a responsibility to be one of the policy makers. What steps will you follow so that you create an effective school for all in your region? Developing a common philosophy and strategic plan The establishment of a school philosophy or mission statement serves as to define its intend in terms of how the needs of all learners will be addressed and to foster an individual and collective involvement and participation by all education professionals, families and communities towards acceptance and care for all learners included in the regular education classroom. Providing strong leadership To have responsibility to set the tone of the school and to ensure that decisions are made, challenges are met and interactions and processes are supported that are consistent with the school’s philosophy and defined purpose. Promoting school and classroom cultures that will welcome appreciate and accommodate diversity Make sure that schools have to acknowledge value, respect, educate and socialise all its learners. It has to develop a caring culture that welcomes, appreciates and accommodates all learners. The schools personnel have to attend to their learners needs for acceptance, belonging and friendships as the social environment significantly influences learning itself. The social interactions between the teacher and the learner and those among learners are critical ingredients in the learning process therefore each learner has to feel valued, safe, connected and cared for in order for inclusive education to succeed. Developing support networks It is important to develop school support networks for both teachers and learners needing encouragement and assistance in an inclusive education setting. The support network of a particular school may include various types of teams and other support systems that help ensure that the philosophy or mission statement of the school, to effectively meet the needs of all students, is operationalized. Using a deliberate process to ensure accountability Successful inclusion depends on a proactive process to ensure sufficient, effective and on-going planning and monitoring of the learners. Planning sessions must be treated as part of an on-going process and not as ends in themselves. Regular and efficient team meetings are necessary in order to monitor progress. Developing organised and on-going technical assistance There will be a need for regular, comprehensive and innovative staff development opportunities in schools, there will also be a need for a task force to provide technical assistance for all individuals involved in teaching learners with special educational needs in an inclusive education setting. Regular needs assessment should be conducted to identify the types and content of the technical assistance activities that are most needed. Maintaining flexibility To make sure that schools welcome and educate all its learners. It has to respond to the challenges posed by learners with diverse educational needs in their pursuit of education. Examining and adopting effective teaching approaches To see if they are best possible approaches and to ensure effective teaching and learning by all learners. L earners have varying strengths, weakness, needs and learning styles. Teachers need to know each learners well enough to have good sense of their, strengths and underdeveloped abilities. They also need to appreciate the varied talents and special abilities as well as the disabilities that their learners may bring to the classroom. Celebrating successes and learning challenges School staffs ought to be creative and innovative. They ought to demonstrate a positive focus and recognise the importance of acknowledging, celebrating and building on success. They also ought to develop a culture of self-reflection and continuous improvement. The schools needs to nourish and incorporate its successes into its school policy and day to day practice Being knowledgeable about the change process People experience and react to change differently. The change process can be slow and time consuming. Since change is considered a process, educators can use it as a rationale for slowly phasing in new practices in schools. to avoid implementation failure, all stakeholders at all levels must join together to facilitate a comprehensive planning of the new change that is consistent with the school’s mission statement. 3. 1 What are the challenges of inclusive education in Namibia? Not enough teachers training Regular education teachers often do not have the appropriate training or education to understand the needs of students who have disabilities. A teacher is not able to provide special needs students with enough care or attention in the classroom, so the student falls behind or acts out behaviourally. Even the most flexible teacher can have difficulty. Due to continued demands for standardized testing or other academic standards, she may be unable to be as creative in teaching as she might otherwise be. General Education Practices Have Not Changed Enough Inclusion may not have changed teaching practices in the regular education classroom enough to benefit special needs students who are integrated into the classroom. Most classrooms tend to teach to average level students and it can be difficult for the learning disabled student to keep up with the pace of the classroom. Regular education teachers may resent slowing the classroom pace for the few special needs students, as they feel it might be detrimental to the majority of students in the classroom. Lack of Funding for Appropriate Resources Some of the detriments of inclusive education could be minimized if the regular education classroom had the appropriate resources available for teachers. For example, inclusive classrooms can be benefited by having a teacher’s aid or paraprofessional in the classroom to assist the regular education teacher with behavioural issues, study skills and assignments of special needs students. Funding for these resources is sparse though, so the teacher may find that keeping control of a large inclusive classroom is beyond his abilities. Lower Educational Standards and Loss of Advocacy Parents and special education teachers may be concerned that the lesson plans in a regular education inclusive classroom will be watered down to accommodate the special needs students. This would end up being a detriment not only to the regular education student, but the special education student as well. Special education teachers are specifically trained to understand the strengths of individual disabled students. Therefore, lesson quality can be higher in the special education classroom. With the shift from special education classrooms to regular education classrooms, students could not only experience a loss of quality in the teaching, but a loss of advocacy from the teacher. 3. 2 Make recommendation how the challenges above can be solved. Having external support service This external support must be provided by an expert team (qualified staff) who needs to work at the regular school jointly with children, teachers, other services and education community as whole. Learners with special educational needs should receive additional instructional support in the context of the regular curriculum. Training regular teachers It is actually one of the foundations that can lead us to make inclusive education a successful reality. Qualified teachers know that classroom needs must be approaches from a curricular standpoint in which difficulties are defined depending on each specific task and activity and on classroom conditions. The types of curricula they develop are process based therefore they are flexible and they adjust to the unique diversity of each group. They are not based on learning goals that resort exclusively to testing to measure how much a child has learnt. Qualified teachers know that sometimes they need to modify materials, techniques, methods, etc. that when necessary they have to replace or skip activities that they might have to adjust scheduled times. Teaching-learning material Learners must have access to the materials that they need, learners with disabilities they are supposed to have in class-help, be extracted from certain activities, have additional after school-help and also to have additional homeworks. Physical access and learning environment Where physical factors pose barriers to learning and participation, simple ramps and internal classroom arrangements can easily help the situation. Furthermore, improvements in the physical environment of the centres of learning, such as the design of the building, the availability of water, electricity and toilet/sewerage facilities will enable students to participate in the range of learning activities in and out of the classroom and provision of necessary facilities learning aids and support materials. These changes benefit all students. Curriculum and Assessment Curriculum needs to be relevant to the children and flexible enough to respond to all children’s needs. The curriculum can facilitate the development of more inclusive settings when it leaves room for the Centre of learning or the individual teacher to make adaptations so that it makes better sense in the local context and for the individual learner. Being re-trained in curriculum and evaluation, teachers need to be trained to change their attitude of special needs children. Conclusion In this assignment we mainly discussed about inclusive education, and we have seen that inclusive education is very important to our education system here in Namibia as it makes learners to accepted diversity and to make them feel that they are loved, cared for, valued and that they are important members of the society. It also improves the learning of learners and to know that they are all equal. Inclusive education must be implemented in schools and the steps we mentioned need to be followed in order to implement an effective schools for all in my region as whole as Namibia at large. Challenges of inclusive education need to be addressed and solved, and also parents, teachers, learners and the community as a whole need to work together in order to have a successful inclusive education in Namibia. Reference list Haihambo, C. K. , Hengari, J. U. , M? wes, A. D. (2010). Introduction to inclusive education. University of Namibia: Centre for external studies. Kirk,S. ,James. J,Coleman. M, Nick,A. (2009). Educating exceptional children(13th ed. ). USA: Wadsworth. Walton,E. (n. d. ). Key challenges in inclusive education. Retrieved April 12,2013 from www. inclusion. co. za/media/docs/? key%? 20challenges%20of%? 20inclusive. Mae,L. (nd. ). Challenges of an inclusive classroom. Retrieved April 12,2013 from www. ehow. com  Ã¢â‚¬ º †¦Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ º Parents of Students  Ã¢â‚¬ º Early Childhood Education. How to cite Inclusive Education, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Ad essay free essay sample

Advertisements are as much about the feelings they create within their intended audience as about the words or images used.   Calvin Klein uses sex, affiliation and domination appeals to sell their brand of fragrances.   The success Calvin Klein regularly enjoys versus competitors can be seen as a direct result of their print advertisements. As Jib Fowle’s essay aptly points out, sex appeal tends to be among the first factors considered in advertisement.   Sex is one of the most basic instincts, and companies wisely prey on that instinct in producing advertising campaigns.   Calvin Klein ads are notorious for using sex appeal to sell product, and the example being evaluated in this exercise is not an exception.   Sex appeal is most dominant in this ad due to the prominence of the male and female models in the ad as a whole. The models fill the entirety of the page, with images of the actual product for sale shown very minimally and at the bottom.    This first example of sex appeal is apparent through the attractiveness of the models use.   Both models have extremely clear complexions and luxurious hair and have features traditional viewed as good-looking.   The intent of using two attractive models to sell fragrance is to show how desirable a consumer would become to the opposite sex if the product is used.   When a product adds to desirability, that can then in turn lead to sex.   This ad appeals both to male and female audiences by using models of each sex.   The ad is meant to convince both genders of how much the product will enhance their sex appeal. A secondary instance of sex appeal is also evident in this ad.   Beyond the attractive models used, the clothing on the female model is also meant to suggest sex appeal.   The use of white fabric on both models can be taken to mean purity, but the female model’s shirt is rather low-cut.   This style and the fact that the female model’s arm blocks a view of whether the shirt is in fact open at the chest, screams sex appeal.   One of the most common symbols of sex appeal is female breasts, and the hint of that imagery in this Calvin Klein ad adds tremendously to its ability to affect both male and female audiences. The affect of this sexual imagery on male audiences is obvious: many males would be very interested in seeing the view hidden by the female model’s arm and traditionally shown off by low-cut shirts.   The affect of this sexual imagery is less obvious on female audiences.   A member of the target female audience would not necessarily be interested in the view offered by a low-cut shirt, but in imagining themselves in that position, appearing that attractive to their male counterpart.   Both the sex appeal suggested by the model’s attractiveness and the female model’s low-cut shirt undoubtedly add to the success of this ad in generating interest in Calvin Klein fragrances. The second most obvious appeal in the Calvin Klein ad is affiliation.   The first example of affiliation in the ad is the pairing of the male and female models.   Jib Fowles acknowledges that appeals of affiliation are probably used more than any other appeal in advertising.   Affiliation appeal is so effective because of the basic human craving for companionship. Companionship is used in this ad in a romantic nature.   The pairing of models indicates that if the product is used, companionship will follow. The fact that the models used are so attractive would indicate that product usage would not only lead to companionship, but desirable companionship.   The models are shown entwined in each other’s arms, which indicates not only companionship in the way of having another individual nearby, but companionship in the way of having a partner. Another instance of appeal through affiliation in the Calvin Klein ad is the pairing of fragrance bottles near the bottom of the ad.   The ad would have been effective with only one bottle portrayed to give an example of the product being sold, but it is enhanced by the feeling of affiliation.   Like the imagery of the male and female models, the pairing of fragrance bottles indicates to the target audiences that companionship will follow usage. The wording under the fragrance bottles, â€Å"timeless fragrance for men and women† (emphasis added) is a further example of appeal through affiliation.   The wording very clearly indicates that the product is meant for both genders, which is, of course, a pairing, or affiliation.   It is also interesting to note the opposition of the bottles versus the opposition of the models.   The models are showing with the higher head to the left; the bottles are shown with the taller one to the right.   This mirroring again would indicate an affiliation. The third most obvious appeal is through domination.   Jib Fowles points out that domination can be seen as a male trait.   In that way, domination could be seen as a sexist form of appeal, but it remains a popular way to sell certain products, including Calvin Klein fragrance.   Dominance is depicted in this ad in the way that the male model is portrayed higher in the ad than the female model, which would seem to indicate that he is over her. This ad would clearly appeal to the targeted male audience in that the thought conveyed would be if the product is used, the male would be able to seek out and dominate the female of their choosing.   This is a very simplistic and, again, sexist idea, but is still a commonly used appeal in certain types of advertising.   The argument could also be made that some women are looking for a man to be in control, and if this fragrance is used, that scenario can come about. Domination is mirrored in the depiction of the fragrance bottles in the Calvin Klein ad.   Interestingly, the way in which the bottles are displayed could be viewed as equalization for male domination in the way the models are shown.   This view could be taken because the idea can be advanced that female perfume bottles are often larger than male cologne bottles.   In this ad, the large bottle is shown higher than the smaller, so perhaps female domination is indicated.   If that is the case, the overall appeal of domination within the ad could possibly be that domination equals out between genders. Calvin Klein has created a series of fragrance ads that is very recognizable and memorable.   The ad evaluated in this exercise continues the company’s legacy of effective advertising through the use of sex, affiliation and domination appeals.   Through these appeals, Calvin Klein reaches out effectively to enhance feelings within their intended male and female audiences that advance their ability to increase sales of fragrance through print advertisements.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Self Esteem

Self-esteem has been a topic of heated debate throughout decades. It has been acknowledged that it affects people’s lives. It is also known that numerous factors contribute to development of low or high self-esteem towards self-image. One of the major factors is biological as people are born with certain traits of character which help them be more competitive and more confident (Myers, Willse Villalba, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Self Esteem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People’s appearance also plays an important role in development of their self-image and self-esteem. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors have to be taken into account as they tend to affect the way people see themselves. Notably, race and age often have certain influence on development of individual’s self-esteem. Thus, Hispanic and Blacks tend to have higher self-esteem in their adulthood whereas Whites and Bla cks have higher self-esteem in their adolescence (Erol Orth, 2011). Notably, gender plays quite insignificant role in self-esteem development. Hence, there are a variety of factors contributing to development of high or low self-esteem towards self-image. In order to develop a high self-esteem towards self-image, a number of factors should be present. Researchers note that self-esteem is forming in adolescence and, partially, in early adulthood. This is the most important period and it is crucial for a person to be exposed to certain factors to develop high self-esteem. First of all, wellness of an individual plays an essential role in the process of his/her self-esteem development (Myers et al., 2011). People’s health and appearance have to be satisfactory and correspond to people’s idea of ‘a norm’ as it has been proven that the better a person’s health is the higher self-esteem he/she has (Erol Orth, 2011). Apart from this, a person excelling i n some sphere of life tends to have higher self-esteem (Erol Orth, 2011). Socioeconomic characteristics of a family affect development of a person’s self-image. Besides, atmosphere in the family plays central role in the process and it is necessary to remember that a person should be criticized and praised properly as excessive criticism can negatively affect the way the person will see him/herself. The good news is that it is possible to help a person develop higher self-esteem through a variety of interventions.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important to stress that having high or low self-esteem significantly affects a person. One of the major ways it affects people’s life is that it interfere with person’s inclusion in the society. People tend to desire to be a part of certain group of people (team, community and so on) and higher self-esteem helps t hem to join this group more easily. Furthermore, the way people see themselves often influences their academic performance or performance at work (Erol Orth, 2011). People with lower self-esteem are reluctant to take on new responsibilities and challenges as they think they will fail. Admittedly, such people are unlikely to get promotion or even become an active member of a group. Low performance at work or at school, in its turn, contributes to development of low self-esteem and people see themselves as unsuccessful. Notably, low self-esteem can also affect people’s personal life as they can fail to develop proper relationship to create a family. These people can be vulnerable and often remain single. On the contrary, people with higher self-esteem are likely to have strong families and can become good models for their children. Reference List Erol, R.Y., Orth, U. (2011). Self-esteem development from age 14 to 30 years: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Soci al Psychology, 101(3), 607-619. Myers, J.E., Willse, J.T., Villalba, J.A. (2011). Promoting self-esteem in adolescents: The influence of wellness factors. Journal of Counseling Development, 89(1), 28-36. This essay on Self Esteem was written and submitted by user Dominic Hill to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.